India's life expectancy rises by 51 days thanks to reduction in particulate pollution

India saw a 19.3% drop in particulate pollution in 2022 compared to 2021, according to a 2024 University of Chicago report. This decline added an average of 51 days to the life expectancy of every Indian. This reduction is the second-highest globally, following Bangladesh. The report highlights that while pollution levels have decreased, meeting the World Health Organization's standard of 5 micrograms of PM2.5 per cubic meter remains crucial, as failing to do so could reduce life expectancy by 3.6 years.

Regional improvements and future outlook

The report noted the most significant pollution reductions in West Bengal and Jharkhand. In these regions, PM2.5 levels dropped by over 20 micrograms per cubic meter. The northern plains, historically the most polluted area, experienced a 17.2% reduction in pollution. Despite this progress, residents in these areas could still lose about 5.4 years of life expectancy if pollution levels remain high. However, if current trends continue, life expectancy could increase by 1.2 years.

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The report also discussed India's National Clean Air Programme (NCAP), which covers cities with chronic pollution issues. Areas under NCAP saw an 18.8% reduction in pollution since 2017, adding about 10.8 months to residents' life expectancy. If India meets the NCAP's 2026 target, life expectancy could increase by two years in the most affected areas.

Innovative policies like Gujarat's market for particulate pollution and the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, which promotes clean cooking, have contributed to these improvements. The report underscores that while significant progress has been made, continuing to implement and enforce air quality measures is essential for further gains in public health.